HBzhan Content Introduction: How to prevent pressure vessel explosions? Pressure vessels are subjected to high internal pressure, and even minor problems in design, manufacturing, repair, installation, and modification can easily lead to accidents. In dangerous situations, explosions can occur, causing great harm.
　　
1．pressure vesselPrevention of accidents:
　　
To prevent explosions in liquefied gas tankers, the following measures should be taken.
　　
(1) In design, a reasonable structure should be adopted, such as using a fully welded structure that can expand freely, to avoid stress concentration and geometric changes; Select materials with good plasticity and toughness for the operating conditions of the equipment; The strength calculation and safety valve displacement calculation comply with the standards.
　　
(2) Strengthen welding management during manufacturing, repair, installation, and renovation, improve welding quality, and conduct heat treatment and non-destructive testing in accordance with regulatory requirements; Strengthen material management to avoid using defective materials or using the wrong steel or welding materials.
　　
(3) During the use of boilers, strengthen boiler operation management to ensure that safety accessories and protective devices are flexible and complete. Strengthen water quality management to prevent corrosion, scaling, and excessive relative alkalinity; Improve the quality of stokers to prevent water shortage, misjudgment, and misoperation.
　　
(4) In the use of liquefied gas tank trucks, strengthen usage management to avoid operational errors, overheating, overpressure, overload operation, loss of inspection, disrepair, safety device failure, etc.
　　
(5) Strengthen inspection work, promptly identify defects and take effective measures.
　　
2. Secondary explosion and combustion
　　
When the medium contained in the container is flammable liquefied gas, the rupture and explosion of the liquefied gas tanker will produce a large amount of flammable vapor on site, which will quickly mix with air to form an explosive mixture. When it encounters an open flame during diffusion, it will form a secondary explosion.
　　
　　Flammable liquefied gas containerThis type of combustion explosion often turns the surrounding area into a sea of fire, causing significant harm.
　　
3. Shock waves and their destructive effects
　　
Shock wave overpressure can cause casualties and damage to buildings. When the shock wave overpressure is greater than 0.10 MPa, most people will die under its direct impact: overpressure of 0.05-0.0 MPa can seriously damage the internal organs of people or cause death; Overpressure of 0.03-0.05MPa can damage the human auditory organs or cause fractures; Overpressure of 0.02-0.03MPa can also cause minor harm to the human body. When a boiler pressure vessel explodes due to severe overpressure, its explosion energy is much greater than the estimated explosion energy based on working pressure, and the damage and injury situation is also much more serious.
　　
4. The destructive effect of blasting debris
　　
When a boiler pressure vessel ruptures and explodes, the high-speed jet of air can push the shell in the opposite direction, causing some shells to break into blocks or pieces and scatter in all directions. These fragments with high velocity or large mass have significant kinetic energy during their flight and can also cause significant harm. The degree of harm caused by fragments to humans depends on their kinetic energy, which is proportional to the square of their mass and velocity. Fragments often have an initial velocity of 80-120m/s when detached from the shell, and even when flying far away from the explosion center, they often have a velocity of 20-30 m/s. At this speed, the kinetic energy of a fragment with a mass of 1kg can reach 200-450J, which is enough to cause serious injury or death to people. Fragments may also damage nearby equipment and pipelines, causing continuous explosions or fires, resulting in greater harm.
　　
5. Media damage
　　
The main types of medium damage are the toxicity of toxic media and burns caused by high-temperature water vapor. There are many toxic media in the liquefied gases contained in pressure vessels, such as liquid ammonia, liquid chlorine, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc. When the container containing these media ruptures, a large amount of liquid instantly vaporizes and spreads into the surrounding atmosphere, causing widespread poisoning. This not only leads to poisoning, death, and disease, but also seriously damages the ecological environment and endangers the flora and fauna in the poisoned area.
　　
After the toxic medium is released and vaporized from the container, its volume increases by about 100-250 times. The size and degree of toxicity of the formed toxic zone depend on the quality of the toxic medium inside the liquefied gas tanker, the temperature, pressure, and toxicity of the medium before the container ruptures. The high-temperature steam water mixture released by boiler explosion can cause burns to personnel near the explosion center. The release and gasification of other high-temperature media can also cause burns and injuries to on-site personnel.