In recent years, the disorderly discharge of rural sewage has been increasingly severe, causing not only damage to the water environment, but also accelerating the spread of some diseases, becoming a source of harm to the lives of rural residents. How to deal with the difficulty of rural sewage treatment, and what are the processes for rural sewage treatment? The following article will introduce existing process technologies and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

1. The connotation of artificial wetland technology

Artificial wetland technology mainly relies on artificial means to effectively create and control the operation of ecosystems, mainly using artificial media, and utilizing the effects of soil, plants, microorganisms, etc. to treat sewage and sludge, ensuring sufficient oxygen in water bodies. At the same time, in the stage of sewage and sludge treatment, relevant supporting facilities can be used to complete a series of tasks such as microbial decomposition, retention, precipitation, adsorption, oxidation-reduction, etc. Compared with traditional sewage treatment methods, the cost is low, the treatment effect is good, the difficulty of personnel operation is low, and the technical level is high.

2. Artificial wetland technology, pollutant purification and treatment technology

Based on conventional biochemical treatment methods, buried A/O-artificial wetland technology has been added to the deep treatment of artificial wetland systems. From the perspective of its system composition and structure, it belongs to a human treatment method that can reasonably control the bottom slope and aspect ratio, and mix soil and filling materials to form a filling bed, allowing sewage to flow in the gaps of the filling materials in the bed. By controlling the surface planting performance, strong water resistance, aesthetics, and long growth cycle of the bed, it can ensure the good growth of aquatic plants. Under these conditions, a "substrate microorganism plant" composite ecosystem is formed, which utilizes the purification function of the system to achieve efficient water quality purification. Depending on the terrain conditions, sewage can be centrally treated and flow out of moderately sized villages. The treatment capacity is 20-200t/day, the retention time in the anoxic tank is greater than 4h, and the retention time in the aerobic tank is greater than 6h. The sludge cleaning cycle is 180 days, and the hydraulic load of the artificial wetland is 0.5-1.0m3. The process flow is shown in Figure 1.

Application of artificial wetlands in rural domestic sewage treatment

3. The practical application of artificial wetland technology in rural domestic sewage treatment

3.1 Purification and reuse of rural domestic sewage to improve ecological environment quality

During the construction stage of water systems in various regions, environmental protection departments and staff should have a detailed understanding of eutrophication of water bodies in the water system, mainly due to the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment factors in sewage. Traditional sewage treatment methods are chosen, and the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water system is low, which will continue to accumulate after nitrogen and phosphorus are discharged, leading to eutrophication of surface water levels. At the same time, the overall investment cost for denitrification, phosphorus removal, and other work is relatively high, and it can also cause secondary pollution during the treatment stage. In addition, it also ensures the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus treatment in surface water, which not only purifies water resources but also improves the quality of the ecological environment, providing favorable conditions for people's daily life and production, thereby promoting the harmonious development of humans and nature. The overall planning and town construction plan of Wenquan Township in Yanbian County, Panzhihua City proposes to build a sewage treatment system in the town of Hot Water Pond, improve the drainage pipe network system in the town area, and establish simple sewage treatment facilities in each village.

For example, the rural domestic sewage treatment work in Yanbian County is mainly carried out to improve the operation and maintenance level of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities. Regular training is organized for personnel from towns, villages, and farmers participating in sewage treatment to master the use and maintenance methods of sewage collection and treatment facilities, reduce sewage treatment system failures caused by improper use, and improve public support and supervision of this work. For decentralized governance facilities managed and maintained by village groups themselves, training should be provided to improve the technical level of operation and maintenance personnel, update professional technical knowledge, accurately analyze and promptly handle faults.

3.2 Scenic area construction, ensuring the integration of ecology and environment

In recent years, the construction of artificial wetlands in various regions of China has been comprehensively carried out, mainly considering the basic conditions of each region, the rational application of natural resources, the expansion of ecological system impact units, the construction of novel artificial wetland scenic spots, and active cooperation with the tourism industry. The focus is on exploring the value of the joint use of artificial wetlands and natural land treatment systems. With the treatment of artificial wetlands as the main body, with the help of new technologies and equipment in development, relevant information data can be recorded in detail, and specialized working groups can be established. At different stages of development, based on various contents and implementation standards, the recorded information data can be analyzed and explored in detail. According to the technical mechanism of artificial wetlands, scientific treatment of domestic sewage and other pollution can be carried out, effectively reducing the degree of ecological environment pollution.

For example, Yanbian County relies on the advantages of characteristic tourism resources, integrates and innovatively develops the sunshine health tourism industry, cultivates the sunshine health tourism industry as one of the five pillar industries of the county's economic development, and creates and basically forms three major health resorts: Hongge Sunshine Hot Spring Health Resort, Ertan Hushan Health Resort, and Gesala Ecological Health Tourism Zone, as well as two rural health tourism demonstration zones: Hongge and Guosheng, and three rural tourism demonstration zones: Hongge, Yimin, and Guosheng. The Hongge Hot Spring Tourism Resort, Hongge Hot Spring Hotel, Hongge Holiday Hotel, Hongshan International Community, European Campsite, Ertan National Forest Park, Gesala Provincial Ecological Tourism Demonstration Zone and other relatively mature areas have been built. Tourist attractions (points), etc.

3.3 Regulating regional temperatures to promote low-carbon living in cities

Due to the various treatment modes included in the artificial wetland system, water conversion can be smoothly completed within the system, enhancing local air humidity through steam or providing sufficient moisture to the surrounding soil through rainfall, effectively regulating the temperature in the construction area, highlighting the application value of artificial wetland technology. In response, the environmental protection department has also conducted a follow-up investigation and analysis. Based on the research results, it is understood that wetland evaporation is 2-3 times greater than water surface evaporation. Due to the artificial planting of wetland vegetation and the natural domestication of wetland aquatic organisms, the wetland thermal capacity continues to increase, effectively increasing the water evaporation of artificial wetlands. Based on the actual natural environment of each region, it can reduce the temperature and improve the air humidity in the construction area, thereby generating the "soothing heat island effect" and effectively improving the quality of living environment.