Water quality testing report

1water quality testingbasic steps

1. sampling

• Use sterile containers to avoid secondary contamination.

• Select sampling points based on the testing purpose (such as water sources, pipe network ends, sewage outlets, etc.).

• Record information such as sampling time, location, water temperature, weather, etc.

2. Selection of detection parameters

• Basic MetricsPH value, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, temperature.

• Chemical indicatorsResidual chlorine, total hardness, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury, etc.).

• Microbiological IndexTotal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total bacterial count.

• Special pollutantsPesticide residues, petroleum substances, microplastics, etc.

3. detection method

• Rapid detection kitSuitable for home or on-site initial screening (such as residual chlorine test paper, pH test paper).

• Portable instrumentSuch as TDS pens (for measuring dissolved solids) and turbidity meters.

• Laboratory analysisProfessional equipment is required (such as atomic absorption spectrometer for heavy metal detection and gas chromatograph for organic matter detection).

4. Interpretation of results

• Refer to national standards (such as China's "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water" GB 5749-2022) or international standards (WHO guidelines).

• Determine whether the water quality meets the standard and identify the source of pollution.

2、 Common Water Quality Issues and Simple Testing

1. Cloudy or odorous

• Possible reasons: suspended particles, algae proliferation, organic pollution.

• Detection methods: turbidity meter, olfactory sensory evaluation.

2. Severe scale (high hardness)

• Testing: TDS pen (values>300 mg/L may have poor taste) or hardness test kit.

3. Excess residual chlorine

• The standard for residual chlorine in tap water is 0.3-4 mg/L, which can be quickly detected using DPD test paper.

4. microbial contamination

• A rapid test strip for detecting coliforms can be used at home, but laboratory confirmation is required.

3、 Professionalwater quality testinginstitution

• Applicable scenariosEnterprise pollution compliance, drinking water certification, dispute arbitration, etc.

• Service Content：

• Full item testing (such as 106 national standard tests for drinking water).

• Provide CMA/CNAS certification report (with legal effect).

• Examples of domestic institutionsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, laboratories under the Environmental Protection Bureau, and third-party testing companies (such as SGS and Huace Testing) in various regions.

4、 Reference for Water Quality Standards

1. China's "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water" (GB 5749-2022)

• pH：6.5–8.5

• Turbidity: ≤ 1 NTU (in special cases ≤ 3 NTU)

• Total coliforms: not detectable

• Lead: ≤ 0.01 mg/L

2. WHO Drinking Water Guidelines

• Focus on microbial safety and long-term health risks (such as arsenic and fluoride).

5、 Precautions

1. Limitations of Home Self Inspection：

• Reagent kits or portable instruments can only perform initial screening and cannot cover all pollutants (such as trace heavy metals and organic toxins).

2. Sampling and saving：

• Microbial samples need to be sent for testing within 4 hours, while chemical samples should be refrigerated in the dark.

3. Excessive handling：

• Install a water purifier (choose RO reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration technology).

• Contact the local water department to investigate the source of pollution.

6、 Suggested application scenarios

• Household water useRegular detection of residual chlorine TDS、 Hardness, if necessary, send for microbiological testing.

• Breeding/AgriculturePay attention to dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite.

• industrial wastewaterCOD, BOD, heavy metal and other emission limits need to be monitored.